Two hundred years of surgery.
نویسنده
چکیده
Copyright © 2012 Massachusetts Medical Society. Surgery is a profession defined by its authority to cure by means of bodily invasion. The brutality and risks of opening a living person’s body have long been apparent, the benefits only slowly and haltingly worked out. Nonetheless, over the past two centuries, surgery has become radically more effective, and its violence substantially reduced — changes that have proved central to the development of mankind’s abilities to heal the sick.
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- The New England journal of medicine
دوره 366 18 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012